Working with Data

Tests should not affect each other. That's a rule of thumb. When tests interact with a database, they may change the data inside it, which would eventually lead to data inconsistency. A test may try to insert a record that has already been inserted, or retrieve a deleted record. To avoid test failures, the database should be brought back to its initial state before each test. Codeception has different methods and approaches to get your data cleaned.

This chapter summarizes all of the notices on clean-ups from the previous chapters and suggests the best strategies of how to choose data storage backends.

When we decide to clean up a database, we should make this cleaning as fast as possible. Tests should always run fast. Rebuilding the database from scratch is not the best way, but might be the only one. In any case, you should use a special test database for testing. Do not ever run tests on development or production databases!

Db

Codeception has a Db module, which takes on most of the tasks of database interaction.

modules:
    config:
        Db:
            dsn: 'PDO DSN HERE'
            user: 'root'
            password:

Use module parameters to set the database credentials from environment variables or from application configuration files.

Db module can cleanup database between tests by loading a database dump. This can be done by parsing SQL file and executing its commands using current connection

modules:
    config:
        Db:
            dsn: 'PDO DSN HERE'
            user: 'root'
            password:
            dump: tests/_data/your-dump-name.sql
            cleanup: true # reload dump between tests
            populate: true # load dump before all tests

Alternatively an external tool (like mysql client, or pg_restore) can be used. This approach is faster and won't produce parsing errors while loading a dump. Use populator config option to specify the command. For MySQL it can look like this:

 modules:
    enabled:
       - Db:
          dsn: 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb'
          user: 'root'
          password: ''
          cleanup: true # run populator before each test
          populate: true # run populator before all test
          populator: 'mysql -u $user $dbname < tests/_data/dump.sql'

See the Db module reference for more examples.

To ensure database dump is loaded before all tests add populate: true. To clean current database and reload dump between tests use cleanup: true.

A full database clean-up can be painfully slow if you use large database dumps. It is recommended to do more data testing on the functional and integration levels, this way you can get performance bonuses from using ORM.

In acceptance tests, your tests are interacting with the application through a web server. This means that the test and the application work with the same database. You should provide the same credentials in the Db module that your application uses, then you can access the database for assertions (seeInDatabase actions) and to perform automatic clean-ups.

The Db module provides actions to create and verify data inside a database.

If you want to create a special database record for one test, you can use haveInDatabase method of Db module:

<?php
$I->haveInDatabase('posts', [
  'title' => 'Top 10 Testing Frameworks',
  'body' => '1. Codeception'
]);
$I->amOnPage('/posts');
$I->see('Top 10 Testing Frameworks');

haveInDatabase inserts a row with the provided values into the database. All added records will be deleted at the end of the test.

If you want to check that a table record was created use seeInDatabase method:

<?php
$I->amOnPage('/posts/1');
$I->fillField('comment', 'This is nice!');
$I->click('Submit');
$I->seeInDatabase('comments', ['body' => 'This is nice!']);

See the module reference for other methods you can use for database testing.

There are also modules for MongoDb, Redis, and Memcache which behave in a similar manner.

Sequence

If the database clean-up takes too long, you can follow a different strategy: create new data for each test. This way, the only problem you might face is duplication of data records. Sequence was created to solve this. It provides the sq() function which generates unique suffixes for creating data in tests.

ORM modules

Your application is most likely using object-relational mapping (ORM) to work with the database. In this case, Codeception allows you to use the ORM methods to work with the database, instead of accessing the database directly. This way you can work with models and entities of a domain, and not on tables and rows.

By using ORM in functional and integration tests, you can also improve performance of your tests. Instead of cleaning up the database after each test, the ORM module will wrap all the database actions into transactions and roll it back at the end. This way, no actual data will be written to the database. This clean-up strategy is enabled by default, you can disable it by setting cleanup: false in the configuration of any ORM module.

ActiveRecord

Popular frameworks like Laravel, Yii, and Phalcon include an ActiveRecord data layer by default. Because of this tight integration, you just need to enable the framework module, and use its configuration for database access.

Corresponding framework modules provide similar methods for ORM access:

haveRecord
seeRecord
dontSeeRecord
grabRecord

They allow you to create and check data by model name and field names in the model. Here is the example in Laravel:

<?php
// create record and get its id
$id = $I->haveRecord('posts', ['body' => 'My first blogpost', 'user_id' => 1]);
$I->amOnPage('/posts/'.$id);
$I->see('My first blogpost', 'article');
// check record exists
$I->seeRecord('posts', ['id' => $id]);
$I->click('Delete');
// record was deleted
$I->dontSeeRecord('posts', ['id' => $id]);

Laravel5 module also provides `haveModel`, `makeModel` methods which use factories to generate models with fake data.

If you want to use ORM for integration testing only, you should enable the framework module with only the ORM part enabled:

modules:
    enabled:
        - Laravel5:
            - part: ORM

modules:
    enabled:
        - Yii2:
            - part: ORM

This way no web actions will be added to $I object.

If you want to use ORM to work with data inside acceptance tests, you should also include only the ORM part of a module. Please note that inside acceptance tests, web applications work inside a webserver, so any test data can't be cleaned up by rolling back transactions. You will need to disable cleaning up, and use the Db module to clean the database up between tests. Here is a sample config:

modules:
    enabled:
        - WebDriver:
            url: http://localhost
            browser: firefox
        - Laravel5:
            cleanup: false
        - Db

DataMapper

Doctrine is also a popular ORM, unlike some others it implements the DataMapper pattern and is not bound to any framework. The Doctrine2 module requires an EntityManager instance to work with. It can be obtained from a Symfony framework or Zend Framework (configured with Doctrine):

modules:
    enabled:
        - Symfony
        - Doctrine2:
            depends: Symfony

modules:
    enabled:
        - ZF2
        - Doctrine2:
            depends: ZF2

If no framework is used with Doctrine you should provide the connection_callback option with a valid callback to a function which returns an EntityManager instance.

Doctrine2 also provides methods to create and check data:

haveInRepository
grabFromRepository
grabEntitiesFromRepository
seeInRepository
dontSeeInRepository

DataFactory

Preparing data for testing is a very creative, although boring, task. If you create a record, you need to fill in all the fields of the model. It is much easier to use Faker for this task, which is more effective to set up data generation rules for models. Such a set of rules is called factories and are provided by the DataFactory module.

Once configured, it can create records with ease:

<?php
// creates a new user
$user_id = $I->have('App\Model\User');
// creates 3 posts
$I->haveMultiple('App\Model\Post', 3);

Created records will be deleted at the end of a test. The DataFactory module only works with ORM, so it requires one of the ORM modules to be enabled:

modules:
    enabled:
        - Yii2:
            configFile: path/to/config.php
        - DataFactory:
            depends: Yii2

modules:
    enabled:
        - Symfony
        - Doctrine2:
            depends: Symfony
        - DataFactory:
            depends: Doctrine2

DataFactory provides a powerful solution for managing data in integration/functional/acceptance tests. Read the full reference to learn how to set this module up.

Testing Dynamic Data with Snapshots

What if you deal with data which you don't own? For instance, the page look depends on number of categories in database, and categories are set by admin user. How would you test that the page is still valid?

There is a way to get it tested as well. Codeception allows you take a snapshot of a data on first run and compare with on next executions. This principle is so general that it can work for testing APIs, items on a web page, etc.

Let's check that list of categories on a page is the same it was before.
Create a snapshot class:

php vendor/bin/codecept g:snapshot Categories

Inject an actor class via constructor and implement fetchData method which should return a data set from a test.

<?php
namespace Snapshot;

class Categories extends \Codeception\Snapshot
{
    /** @var \AcceptanceTester */
    protected $i;

    public function __construct(\AcceptanceTester $I)
    {
        $this->i = $I;
    }

    protected function fetchData()
    {
        // fetch texts from all 'a.category' elements on a page        
        return $this->i->grabMultiple('a.category');
    }
}

Inside a test you can inject the snapshot class and call assert method on it:

<?php
public function testCategoriesAreTheSame(\AcceptanceTester $I, \Snapshot\Categories $snapshot)
{
    $I->amOnPage('/categories');
    // if previously saved array of users does not match current set, test will fail
    // to update data in snapshot run test with --debug flag
    $snapshot->assert();
}

On the first run, data will be obtained via fetchData method and saved to tests/_data directory in json format. On next execution the obtained data will be compared with previously saved snapshot.

To update a snapshot with a new data run tests in --debug mode.

By default Snapshot uses assertEquals assertion, however this can be customized by overriding assertData method.

Conclusion

Codeception also assists the developer when dealing with data. Tools for database population and cleaning up are bundled within the Db module. If you use ORM, you can use one of the provided framework modules to operate with database through a data abstraction layer, and use the DataFactory module to generate new records with ease.

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